Gustave Courbet was a French Realist painter known for his honest depictions of everyday life and his criticism of the academic establishment. He was born in 1819 in Ornans, France, and studied at the École des Beaux-Arts in Paris. He is best known for his paintings such as The Stone Breakers, A Burial at Ornans, and The Origin of the World. Courbet's work challenged the conventions of his time and had a significant influence on the development of Realism and the avant-garde movements that followed.